Generally, men who are diagnosed with the disease seek medical attention for pain or bending of the penis during erection, which results from inflammation and scarring in a particular part of the male anatomy known as the tunica albuginea.  A noticeable lump, or plaque within the penis is commonly detected, though contrary to prevalent anxieties, it is non-cancerous, and unrelated to cholesterol.

In addition to producing curvature, Peyronie's may also have other effects upon men, though the severity of results will vary.  It may change the shape of the erection by indentation, diameter reduction, or loss of length.  A minority of the men afflicted are unable to engage sexually. Through an effect on the erection mechanism, it may also reduce rigidity (hardness), but rarely causes impotence.  From these physical results, Peyronie's disease can have a strong psychological impact upon men.

Some cases are mild, healing without treatment within a year of onset. Most cases produce at least some degree of persistent curvature.  The goal of therapy is to maintain sexual function. In some cases, education about the disease and reassurance is all that is required. Rarely, when long-term deformity prevents intercourse, surgery is recommended.